Aspect & Orientation
North, East, South, West
“Change in light is a fundamental constant by which the human body maintains its relationship with the environment.” – Alexander et al, A Pattern Language, 1977
 
In the following animations, you will be able to visualise how the position of the sun interacts with the orientation of the building. You will see how cardinal directions (N, S, E, W) can influence the ways in which buildings receive daylight and learn how to harness the various effects that can occur in these differing contexts.
North facing

North facing buildings

  • North facing buildings typically produce darker rooms that need as much help as possible to bring daylight in
  • They receive a greyish, dispersed and gaseous light at most times of the day and create balanced, ambient atmospheres
North facing

North facing buildings

  • Rooflights are important in north facing buildings, especially with rooms that only have windows on one side. A new direction of sunlight can remove light/dark contrasts.
East facing

East facing buildings

  • East facing buildings receive direct sunlight in the morning, but designers should be aware of building context, as the low position of the sun can be blocked by surrounding walls, vegetation or buildings
  • Light from the east produces soft, long shadows which are grey-yellow in colour
East facing

East facing buildings

  • Rooflights would be suitable for kitchen/breakfast areas in east facing buildings so occupants can benefit from the morning sun
  • “A social group in a pool of light enhances their definition and cohesiveness…” –– Alexander et al, A Pattern Language, 1977
South facing

South facing buildings

  • South facing building interiors are usually consistently bright 
  • They receive direct sunlight between mid-morning and mid-afternoon 
  • Rooms are highly illuminated and feature sharp patterns of light and dark on surfaces
South facing

South facing buildings

  • South facing buildings increase the likelihood of glare if shading devices aren’t present
  • Designers should consider how they can harness the light intensity. Will you disperse it or focus it?
  • Daylight from above has the power to reduce glare because of the direction light lands on the iris
West facing

West facing buildings

  • West facing buildings receive direct sunlight in the late afternoon, but designers should be aware of building context, as the low position of the sun can be blocked by surrounding walls, vegetation or buildings
  • Light from the west produces rich orange colours which are capable of penetrating deep into a building’s interior
West facing

West facing buildings

  • Roof windows would be ideal in the communal/living areas of west facing buildings to provide occupants with a relaxing atmosphere when they return home from work
  • Designers may consider how they could highlight features or wall textures with the late afternoon sun
  • Light from east gives designers the opportunity to enliven the colours of a room  
Design with daylight